Why do wrinkles form?

Wrinkle formation is a hallmark of skin aging. Intrinsically, the skin undergoes structural and functional changes over time, including a reduction in dermal collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans, which contribute to decreased skin elasticity, hydration, and thickness (Farage et al., 2008). These age-related changes impair the skin’s barrier function and mechanical properties, making it susceptible to the development of fine lines and wrinkles.

In addition to intrinsic aging, repetitive facial muscle contractions are a significant contributor to wrinkle. Lines that are visible only during muscle activity are called ‘dynamic’ wrinkles. Over time, these lines will progress into ‘static’ wrinkles, which remain visible at rest (Kligman et al., 1985).